Colorectal Cancer

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine.
Most cases begin as small, benign growths called polyps, which can gradually become cancerous if left untreated. Because this change happens slowly over time, regular screening helps detect and remove polyps early, preventing cancer from forming.

It is one of the most common cancers worldwide, but also one of the most preventable and treatable when detected early through regular screening.

In Malaysia, it is the most common cancer among men and the second most common among women. Although traditionally associated with older adults, there is now a concerning rise in cases among individuals aged 20 to 50, underscoring the importance of greater awareness and early screening across all age groups.

Types of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is classified based on where it starts:

• Colon cancer – Starts in the large intestine (colon), usually from adenomatous polyps. It may cause abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or anaemia due to hidden bleeding..
• Rectal cancer – Develops in the final part of the intestine (rectum) and often presents with rectal bleeding or pain during bowel movements.

Causes & Risk Factors

The exact cause of colorectal cancer is not always known, but several factors can increase risk:

• Age – Most cases occur in people aged 50 and above, but younger adults (20–50 years) are now increasingly affected.
• Family history – Having a parent, sibling, or child with colorectal cancer.
• Diet – High intake of red or processed meat, low fibre diet.
• Lifestyle – Lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use.
• Medical and metabolic factors – Diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), or a history of pelvic radiation.
• Genetic conditions – Hereditary syndromes such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

If you fall into any of these risk categories, it is best to seek advice from a colorectal specialist or gastroenterologist. Early consultation allows for timely screening, prevention, and peace of mind.

Common Symptoms

Colorectal cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

• Persistent change in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhoea, or narrower stool)
• Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
• Abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating
• Mucus in the stool or a feeling that the bowel does not empty completely
• Anaemia (low red blood cell count) without a clear cause
• Unexplained fatigue or weight loss
• Feeling unusually full after small meals

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

Simple changes can reduce your risk:

• Eat more fruits, vegetables, and high-fibre foods
• Limit red and processed meats
• Stay physically active and maintain a healthy weight
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption
• Begin regular colorectal screening from age 45 onwards, or earlier if you have risk factors

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical advice if you notice any persistent changes in your bowel habits, especially if accompanied by bleeding, pain, or unexplained weight loss.

At Subang Jaya Medical Centre (SJMC), our team of colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists, and oncologists provide comprehensive assessment and care from screening and diagnosis to treatment and recovery. Call or book your appointment today to clarify your symptoms, confirm your diagnosis, and choose the best plan for you.

Early consultation can make a significant difference, as colorectal cancer is highly treatable when detected in its early stages.

Comprehensive Cancer Care at SJMC

In addition to colorectal cancer, SJMC provides diagnosis and treatment for a wide range of cancers, including breast cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer and more.

Visit sjmccancerradiosurgerycentre.com to learn more about our Cancer & Radiosurgery Centre, offering advanced treatment technologies and multidisciplinary care for cancer patients